Global link connector system

ABSTRACT

A connector mating system that can enable the coupling and decoupling of electrical or optical communications channels, while in a deep, sub-oceanic, sea-floor environments, during which time the contacting interfaces of the said channels remain fully protected from the destructive effects of the said environment. The system features a Wet-Mate Connector (WMC) that provides a means for electrical, optical and hybrid inter-connection within an extremely hostile environments.

This application includes material which is subject to copyrightprotection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimilereproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in thePatent and Trademark office files or records, but otherwise reserves allcopyright rights whatsoever.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to systems and methods for electrical oroptical connectors, and more specifically, to electrical or opticalconnectors for connections in deep oceanic environments.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Driven by cost factors, as well as the need to overcome the hazards andcomplexities associated with joining and switching of multi-circuitcables in deep oceanic environments, the industry was first introducedto Wet-Mateable Connectors (WMC) in the early 1960's. The earliestsystems enabled the mating of electrical contacts, in an underseaenvironment through the use of electrical contacts protected by a densegrease medium, which was then expelled during the process of connection.This wet-connection capability made possible more complex systemarchitectures, but was limited by the inability to disconnect or toreconnect such circuits in under-water conditions.

By the 1970's the next phase of under-sea connector development broughtto market, commercially viable and fully wet-mateable electricalconnection mechanisms. These connectors offered the operator the abilityto repeatedly plug and unplug electrical connections, in deeplysubmerged conditions, either by the manual manipulations of divers, orwith the aid of (later developed) submersible, remote operated Vehicles(roVs), linked by control cables to a surface maintenance vessel. Thistechnological advancement provided significantly enhanced systemflexibility and made possible the development of large-scale, localizedunder-sea networks which had not previous been possible.

In the 1980's wet-mate connector technology was extended tosingle-channel, fiber-optic, and hybrid (electric-optic) applications.Then later, in the 1990's, multi-channel electric and “Joined Chamber”multi-channel fiber-optic and hybrid (electric-optic) connectors wereintroduced. Within several years, this technology became commerciallyviable, to where multi-channel electric, optic and electric-optic hybridWMC configurations were marketed by several suppliers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the invention is a connector set comprising a plughaving a front oil chamber and a secondary oil chamber having electricalor optical contacts and a receptacle having a front oil chamber and asecondary oil chamber having electrical or optical contacts, thereceptacle being adapted to receive the plug. The front oil chamber inthe plug and the front oil chamber of the receptacle are used formechanically engaging the plug and the receptacle, and the secondary oilchamber in the plug and the secondary oil chamber in the receptacle areused for isolation and contact engagement of the electrical or opticalcontacts of the plug with the electrical or optical contacts of thereceptacle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the following more particulardescription of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which reference characters refer to the same partsthroughout the various views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale,emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles of theinvention.

FIG. 1 illustrates a series of external profile views of one embodimentof a connector set in which the plug and related receptacle areindependently represented.

FIG. 2 illustrates a series of descriptive drawings of the principleinternal mechanisms of one embodiment of the connector set proper, inwhich:

FIG. 2 a illustrates a longitudinal section view of one embodiment ofthe complete plug and receptacle system, including numericalidentifications of the various components and features of the internalmechanisms.

FIG. 2 b illustrates a series of longitudinal section views of oneembodiment of the plug and receptacle connector set, which describes thebehavior of the various internal components during stages of theconnector set engagement process, and depicting this progression ofevents from top (fully disengaged), to bottom (fully engaged).

FIG. 2 c illustrates a diagrammatic representation of one embodiment ofthe sequential stages of action which occur during the mating process,and describing in particular, the behavior of the plug and receptacleinterfaces, in relation to the progress of travel of a typical plugcontact.

FIG. 2 d illustrates one embodiment of a direct view of the examplereceptacle interface end.

FIG. 2 e illustrates one embodiment of a transverse section view of theplug, which principally describes the contours and interfacerelationship between the plug shell and the insert shell.

FIG. 2 f illustrates of one embodiment of a transverse section view ofthe receptacle shell, taken particularly to describe the octagonalprofile geometry of the said shell.

FIG. 2 g illustrates of one embodiment of a representation of apush-seal element which functions to isolate fluid-filled cavities ofthe plug or receptacle assemblies, but which can be penetrated by eitherelectric or optic plug assembly contacts.

FIG. 2 h illustrates of one embodiment of a representation of theautomatic shut-off valve located at the end of the shaft of the pluginterface plate, and a description of its manner of operation.

FIG. 3 illustrates a series of descriptive drawings which is intended toidentify the principle components and features of the coupling systemelement of one embodiment of this connector set concept, in which:

FIG. 3 a illustrates a series of longitudinal section views of oneembodiment of the plug-mounted connector coupling mechanism, whichdescribes the behavior of the various internal components during stagesof the connector set engagement process, and depicting this progressionof events from top (fully disengaged), to middle (fully engaged), tobottom (coupling separation by a retraction of the coupling ring).

FIG. 3 b illustrates a descriptive representation of one embodiment ofthe Coupling ring latching mechanism as it appears in both its engageand disengaged attitudes.

FIG. 3 c illustrates a pictorial representation of the manner in whichthe castlated teeth of one embodiment of the plug-mounted castlated ringand the receptacle shell are made to engage and secure.

FIG. 3 d illustrates of one embodiment of a “flat-projected”diagrammatic representation of the relationship between the Couplingring, the Castlated ring and the receptacle shell, describedsequentially during both the mating and separation process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The basic operating concept for the mechanical interface of oneembodiment of the connector system is illustrated in FIG. 2 c, and isdescribed in four sequential drawings. In the first drawing to the left,the scalloped discs represent the plug interface component 1 (far disc)and the receptacle interface component 2 (near disc). The two discs areshown separated, as in a position poised to mate. The plug interfacedisc 1, in this representation, is still positively seated into theinterface end wall of the plug assembly, within an aperture of identicalprofile geometry. In like manner, The receptacle interface disc 2, inthis representation, is still positively seated into the interface endwall of the Receptacle assembly, also within an aperture of identicalprofile geometry.

A mating force, applied to both the Plug and Receptacle assemblies, nextbrings the two interface components together (as represented in theillustration next, to the right). The joining of the two interface discsautomatically locks these components together in such manner that theirrotational attitudes will remain perfectly aligned throughout the entiremating, mated and dis-mating process. At the same time, the interfacingrims of the plug interface shell (insert shell cap 66) and thereceptacle shell 5, are joined to form a fluid-tight seal so as toprevent intermixing of surrounding seawater with the pressurecompensating fluids contained within the Plug and Receptacle assemblies.To this point, each extreme extension of the scalloped profile (thecrests of the profiles), is positioned to be located directly in thepath of a plug contact. As the compressive force between the plug andreceptacle is then increased, the joined Interface discs are made todisplace, together, into the forward cavity of the receptacle assembly.

During this displacement travel, the shaft of the receptacle interfacecomponent 2, is cammed into rotating as depicted in the thirdillustration of this drawing set. The interlocked condition of the twointerface plates (plug and receptacle) assures that both of thesecomponents are made to rotate together, in perfect coincidence. Theconsequent effect of this rotation is to then shift the profile creststo one side, and to thereby allow a clear travel path for the plugcontacts, as the compression of the plug and receptacle assembliescontinues beyond the travel limits of the Interface discs 1, 2, into afull-mated condition. Upon complete mating of the plug and receptacleassemblies, The coupling mechanism is enabled to fully engage, securingthe plug and receptacle assemblies together until separation is achievedby retraction of the coupling Ring 6.

Receptacle Assembly

With reference to FIG. 2 a, and more specifically to the longitudinalsection view of the receptacle assembly, in one embodiment, thestructure is composed of a receptacle shell 5 which houses an insert 7,which insert is installed in fixed orientation to the plug/receptaclealignment guide slot 12. This orientation is achieved and secured by thealignment of the receptacle shell 5 with the flange shell 4, by means ofthe alignment pin 53, and the alignment of the flange shell 4 with theinsert 7 as a result of the common intrusion of the electric and/oroptic contracts 16 and 17.

The flange shell 4 and the receptacle shell 5 are secured together bymeans of a threaded coupling ring 54, which assembly also serves tofixedly secure all of the internal components of the receptacleassembly. Within the core of the insert 7, and in fixed orientation, issecured the interface shaft guide post 8. This guide post 8 is mountedwith Camming pegs 9, which are functionally engaged to correspondingcamming slots 10, which slots in turn are features of the shaft of thereceptacle interface plate 2. Moreover, the exterior surface of thereceptacle interface plate 2 is covered with a thin, low-durometer,elastomeric gasket 65, to function as an interfacing seal, when engagedto the corresponding surface of the plug interface plate 1

Mounted within the insert 7 is an array of electric contacts 17, whichare secured and sealed into the flange shell 4 by means of a threadedinterface and electric sealing boots 19 and/or mounted within the insert7 is an array of optical contacts 16, which are secured and sealed intothe flange shell 4 by means of optical strain relief boots 18. Amultiplicity of such contacts can be coincidentally arrayed within thisassembly, in any combination. Moreover, each functional interconnectionarea of either the electric 17 or optical 16 contacts is enshroudedwithin an independent contact isolation membrane 15, as a component of asub-assembly which also includes at the forward end, a push-sealcomponent 58. When the receptacle assembly is in the dis-matedcondition, this push seal 58 serves to isolate the internal contactcavity from the forward, fluid-filled cavity located directly behind thereceptacle interface plate. During the mating process, the forward endof each push-seal 58 is so configured so as to permit penetration byeither type of intruding plug contact whether an electric contact 36 oran optic contact 38.

Finally, by various configurations of channeling within the componentsof the receptacle assembly, the fluid-filled cavities of the saidassembly are made to communicate with the internal surface of a mainbellophragm-type pressure compensation element 13. The external surfaceof this pressure compensation element 13, is made to communicate withthe environmental seawater via radially configured channels through thewalls of the flange shell 4, and then through, and around the assemblyCoupling ring 54. a measure of contaminant filtering of the surroundingseawater, during the compensation “breathing” process is achieved bymeans of a filter Band 55, installed as a component of the assemblyCoupling ring 54.

In the dis-mated condition, the scalloped receptacle interface plate 2,is firmly seated within a correspondingly profiled, scalloped apertureat the interface end of the receptacle shell 5, and is held secure inthis closed and sealed condition under the motivation of the interfaceplate spring 11, which surrounds the centrally located interface shaftguide post 8. Environmental sealing between the scalloped profile of thereceptacle interface plate 1, and the corresponding seating surface ofthe receptacle shell 5 is further aided by a peripheral sealing gasket20.

An elastomeric Band 57 is made a component of the Threaded Coupling ring54, in such manner as to serve as a contaminant sealing device, when theplug and receptacle assemblies are fully mated. The manner of thissealing function is clearly evident in the bottom-most longitudinalsection view (fully mated view) of FIG. 2 b.

Plug Assembly

With reference to FIG. 2 a, and more specifically to the longitudinalsection view of the plug assembly, in one embodiment, the internalmechanisms of the plug assembly are supported by a surrounding plugshell 21.

Secured within the plug shell 21, by means of threaded fasteners is theinsert assembly, which insert assembly is secured within the plug shell21, in fixed and precise orientation with regard to the plug/receptaclealignment peg 26, so as to assure precise alignment of the plug contactarray, with the corresponding receptacle contact array, during theconnector set mating procedure. Moreover, an intermediate supportingstructure consisting of an insert shell 3 is installed concentric to theinsert assembly, in such manner that the insert shell 3 is free totravel only in an axially aligned manner with respect to the plug shell21. The insert assembly is free to travel within the insert shell 3,only in a precisely axial manner, and within predefined longitudinallimits. Moreover, the forward end of the insert shell 3 is fitted withan insert shell Cap 66, which aids in the retention of internalcomponents, provides positional support for the plug assembly Contacts36 and 38 and serves as a facilitating means for product assembly.

FIG. 2 e, which depicts a transverse section (section C-C) taken throughthe body of one embodiment of the plug assembly, describes the interfacerelationship between the external surface of the insert shell 3, and thebore of the plug assembly compensator mounting ring 41, which in turn isinstalled within the plug shell 21. This interface can be entirelyexposed to seawater environment, as well as to sand, silt, and othersea-floor contaminants. In the illustrated embodiment, the externalprofile of the insert shell 3 is characterized by a polygonal geometry,which rides within a cylindrical bore, so as to provide an interfaceconfiguration that is least prone to contaminant degradation, to bindingor to failure during normal operation in the presence of suchconditions.

In the illustrated embodiment, a tubular, corrugated, elastic,environmental isolation Bellows 32 is fixed and sealed at the rear ofthe insert shell 3, while at the other end of the said environmentalisolation Bellows 32 the said bellows is fixed and sealed to the rearsegment of the insert assembly. This assembled configuration yields aninternal sub-assembly mechanism that is sealed against all environmentalconditions, and is provided with automatic pressure/temperaturecompensation, and for any consequent variations of internal fluidvolumes.

Moreover, the environmental isolation Bellows is simultaneously capableof handling the radical changes in volume that will be experiencedduring the complete cycles of mating and dis-mating of the connectorset. The external surface of this isolation Bellows 32 is providedaccess to environmental seawater by means of venting holes 34 throughwalls of the plug shell 21. Additional temperature/pressure fluid-volumecompensation is provided by means of six compensation elements 29,installed into the body of the insert shell 3, as illustrated both inthe longitudinal section view of the plug assembly, and in thetransverse section (C-C), FIG. 2 e. Effective venting 30, for the properoperation of these compensation elements 29, is also depicted in thesesection views.

The insert assembly, as above described, is principally composed of aninsert 22, an array of plug assembly electric contacts 36, and/or anarray of plug assembly optical contacts 38. The plug assembly electriccontracts 36 are secured into the rear of the insert 22 by means ofelectric contact boot seals 37. The plug assembly optical contracts 38are secured into the rear of the insert 22 by means of optical contactstrain relief boot assemblies 39. Within the bore of the insert 22, aninsert sleeve 25 is fixedly attached, which insert sleeve 25 is alsoprovided with an array of “L”-shaped slots 28. These “L”-slots 28 arecorrespondingly engaged by a mating set of “L”-slot pegs 27, which“L”-slot pegs 27 are made to be fixed components of the Valve Body 23,which Valve Body 23 is a press-fitted component affixed onto the end theshaft portion of the plug interface plate 1.

Under the compressed motivation of a shaft spring 33, a shaft spring Cap24, which also serves as a component of a fluid-venting valve assembly,is fitted into the end of the valve body, through a thrust bearing 65that enables a low-friction rotational relationship between the shaftspring cap 24 and the valve Body 23. As described below, the “L”-slotpegs 27 in relation to the “L”-slot features 28 of the insert sleeve 25,provide the means by which the plug interface plate 1 is retained in itsproper axial and radial positions, and is securely seated, into thescalloped aperture at the interface end of the of the insert shell Cap66, under the influence of the interface plate spring 62.

In the same manner as the “L” slot pegs 27 and “L” slot features 28serve to define the proper orientation of the plug interface plate shaft1, so too does the guide Block 63, which is affixed to the shaft springCap 24, maintain the proper orientation of that shaft spring Cap 24, inrelation to the Valve Body 23 and to the plug interface plate shaft 1,to which the Valve Body 23 is fixedly attached. This orientation isgoverned by the continuous location of this guide Block 53 within an “L”slot feature 28. During their press-fitted assembly, proper relativeorientation of the Valve Body 23 and the plug interface plate shaft 1,is assured by means of an alignment pin 64.

Housed within the insert sleeve cap 66, is an array of push sealelements 14, which serve as alignment guides for all of the electricand/or optic plug assembly contacts 36 and 38, and as a means of fluidisolation between the fluid-filled cavity located directly behind theplug interface plate 1, and the fluid-filled cavity within the insertsleeve 25. These push-seal elements 14 are so configured as to allow fortheir penetration by advancing plug assembly contacts, while maintainingtheir sealing qualities. Moreover, the design of the push-seal elements14 is such as to also provide a wiping or cleaning action, duringpenetration, to assure that contaminants which might develop within onefluid-filled cavity, will not be transferred to the adjacentfluid-filled cavity.

Coupling Mechanism

The top-most illustration of FIG. 3 a, is a longitudinal section view ofone embodiment of a coupling ring mechanism, which identifies all of thesignificant components of the system, and their positioning inrelationship to each other. The plug shell 21 comprises the foundationof the mechanism, onto the end of which is mounted the principleengagement element, the castlated ring 51. The castlated ring 51, inturn, is secured to the plug assembly by means of the retaining peg/s52, which retaining pegs 52 are press-fitted into the castlated ring 51,so as to protrude into a groove feature of the plug shell 21. Thegroove/s feature of the plug shell 21 is configured to permit arotational motion of the castlated ring 51 of up to a limit (in thisexample) of 30 degrees.

A Coupling ring 6 is installed over the castlated ring 51, and issecured by the installation of a press-fitted camming peg 48, whichcamming peg 48 is made to intrude into the area of a camming groovefeature of the castlated ring 51. This coupling ring 6 is furthersecured, and regulated in its range of motion, by a castlatedring-mounted guide pin (not shown), which intrudes into a longitudinalgroove (also not shown) cut into the outer surface of the plug shell 21.The installation of the Coupling ring 6 is coincident with theinstallation of an array of return spring mechanisms 40, which are soconfigured as to retain the Coupling ring 6 in the forward-mostattitude, except when retracted under the influence of an externalforce.

At appropriate locations of an inner diameter of the Castlated ring 51,a Latching slot feature 50 is provided, which feature can be engaged bya rocking latch 46, in such manner as to lock the rotational position ofthe castlated ring 51. When the rocking latch 46 is activated by anupward displacement of the actuator pin 42, the rocking latch 46 is madeto retract from the latching slot feature 50, to thereby release therotational position of the castlated ring 51, to then allow the saidcastlated ring 51 to reposition to a different orientation.

Activation of the rocking Latch 46 by the actuator pin 42 causes therocker Latch 46 to compress against the Latch spring 47, so that whenthe Castlated ring 51 is again oriented so that the Latching slotfeature 50 is properly aligned, the rocker Latch 46 can once more engagesame, to again fix the oriented position of the Castlated ring 51. Asshown in the FIG. 3 b, and in the center illustration of FIG. 3 a,upward displacement of the actuator pin 42 is made to occur uponcomplete seating of the receptacle assembly into the plug assembly. Thisfunction is accomplished through a precise configuration of thereceptacle shell 5 profile, in relation to correspondingly precisedimensioning of the mechanical interface geometry of the plug assemblyand its internal mechanisms.

In order to protect the functionality of the latching mechanism from thehazards of seawater and of sea floor contaminants, the actuator pin 42is mounted into the center of a taut, elastic diaphragm 44, and issecured in its installation by means of an actuator retainer ring 43.The diaphragm 44, in turn, is fixedly installed into a compensatormounting ring 41, by means of a diaphragm retaining ring 45. The fullyassembled diaphragm retaining ring 45 is then fitted into the forwardbore of the plug assembly, and is precisely oriented in its installationby means of locating pins 49. This installation is then secured byinstallation of two plug/receptacle alignment guide pegs 26.

Coupling Ring Operational Sequence

A feature of one embodiment of the locking ring coupling mechanism isthe array of castlated teeth which are provided as an external elementof the receptacle shell 5 profile, and the correlated array ofinternally featured castlated teeth within the forward bore of theCastlated ring 51 component of the plug assembly. FIG. 3 a provides asimplified representation of the manner in which the castlated teeth ofthe plug-mounted Castlated ring 51, are made to approach, and thenengage, the array of castlated teeth which are a component feature ofthe receptacle shell 5.

The complete sequence of operations which define the overall function ofone embodiment of a coupling system is represented in the stylizedsequential diagrams of FIG. 3 d. The last diagram to the right,illustrates how a physical retraction of the coupling ring 6 of the plugassembly (when the said plug assembly is dis-mated from its matingreceptacle assembly) is made, by means of a camming action, to rotatethe castlated ring 51 until, the full retraction of the said couplingring 6 causes the latch slot feature/s 50, within the bore of thecastlated ring 51 to align with the spring-loaded Latchs 46.

Upon alignment of the Latch/s 46 with the Latch slot features 50 of thecastlated ring 51, the said Latch 46 engages into the said slot feature50, to hold the rotational attitude of the Castlated ring 51 fixed,against the force of a compressed spring (not shown) housed in theinterface between the bore of the castlated ring 51, and the outersurface of the plug shell 21. This fixed orientation of the castlatedring 51, (locked against the force of a compressed spring), is thenormal condition of the coupling mechanism whenever the plug assembly isdis-mated from its corresponding receptacle assembly. This condition ofthe coupling mechanism is described in the first (left hand) diagram ofFIG. 3 d, in which it is further depicted that the castlation teeth ofthe castlated ring 51, are able to pass between the array of castlationteeth of the receptacle, as will occur in the process of mating the plugand receptacle assemblies.

The second diagram of FIG. 3 d describes the instant of complete matingof the plug and receptacle assemblies, at the precise moment when theramped contour of the receptacle shell 5 has fully displaced theactuator pin 42, and through the action of that actuator pin 42, hascaused the displacement and retraction of the rocking Latches 46 fromthe slot features 50 of the Castlated ring 51. Release of the rockinglatchs 46 enables the castlated ring 51 to rotate, under the drivingforce of the noted spring, to cause the castlation teeth of thecastlated ring 51 to engage directly behind the castlation teeth of thereceptacle shell (5. it will be noted from this diagram that theengaging surfaces of the castlation teeth of the castlated ring 51, andthe castlation teeth of the receptacle shell 5 are ramped, in thefashion of “segments of a screw thread”. Such ramped engagementguarantees perfect axial linkage of the mated plug and receptacleassemblies, without the possibility of “mated spring-back”.

The third diagram of FIG. 3 d described the attitude of all of theprinciple components of the coupling Mechanism, in the fully matedcondition, and in particular it illustrates the camming peg 48 as acomponent of the coupling ring 6, in relation to the triangular cammingslot feature/s of the castlated ring 51. in this attitude, camming pegs48 are perfectly positioned to cam the castlated ring 51 into fulldis-engagement mode, whenever the coupling ring 6, is next retractedunder the influence of an external force.

Finally, it will be noted from the longitudinal section views of FIG. 3a that the forward geometry of the castlated ring 51 is configured asthe principle interfacing surface of the complete plug assembly, andthat as such, is provided with sufficient bulk and mass to tolerate theaggressive handling conditions which are to be anticipated for amechanism in this type of service. Moreover, the castlated ring 51 isconfigured with an exaggerate coned entry, to facilitate successfulengagement of this plug assembly with its mating receptacle assembly,even under conditions of moderate misalignment and/or moderatedeviations in angle of entry, which are likely to occur when such matingis to be performed by remote mechanical aids, such as a conventionalundersea ROV.

Plug Receptacle Mating Sequence

FIG. 2 b provides a series of longitudinal section views of oneembodiment of both the plug and receptacle assemblies, which viewsdescribe the sequential behavior of the internal mechanisms of thisconnector system during the entire engagement process. The top-mostillustration describes a fully dis-mated connector set, showing thequiescent condition of all internal components.

The second section view illustrates the initial interface contact of theplug and receptacle assemblies, and describes the manner in which raisedfeatures on the receptacle interface plate 2, engage into correspondingrecessed features of the plug interface plate 1, which features are madeto be completely identical in position and contour. These interfacefeatures can provide a means by which to securely fix the plug interfaceplate 1 and the receptacle interface plate 2 together so that theirorientation, relative to each other will be held coincident throughoutthe connector set mating process. This section view further demonstratesthat upon initial contact, the receptacle shell 5 of the receptacle,which is the forward-most structural component of the receptacle, andthe insert shell cap 66 of the plug assembly, are in direct contact, andwill remain so throughout the mating process.

The third section view in the series describes the effects of theinitial compressive force as it is applied to the engagement of the plugand receptacle assemblies. Upon application of this force, the travel ofthe compensator mounting ring 41, within the plug shell 21, over thereceptacle shell 5, immediately applies a corresponding force, withinthe plug assembly, directly to the rear of the environmental isolationBellows 32 and to the interface shaft spring 33. Since the plug insertshell cap 66 is in constrained contact with the receptacle shell 5, thiscompressive force acts to directly compress the environmental isolationBellows 32. The same force, being applied to the rear of the interfaceshaft spring 33, however, is made to motivationally displace the pluginterface shaft 1, by acting through its related components, the shaftspring cap 24 and the valve body 23.

Since the plug interface plate 1 (and its integral shaft) are in firmcontact with the receptacle interface plate 2, both interface plates arecoincidentally made to displace directly into the forward cavity of thereceptacle assembly. The coincident axial movement of the receptacleinterface plate 2 causes its integral shaft, within the core of thereceptacle assembly, to act and compress against the receptacleinterface spring 11, which is substantially weaker than the plug shaftspring 33. The receptacle interface spring 11 is installed directly overand around the interface shaft guide post 8. As stated earlier, thisguide post 8 is fixedly attached to the base structure of the receptacleassembly, and has mounted to it, an array of Camming pegs 9. Also asdescribed earlier, these camming pegs 9 are engaged into a correspondingarray of camming slot features 10, which are an integral feature of theshaft of the receptacle interface plate 2, which shaft is also made toslip-fit over, and to slide along, the guide post 8.

The shaft is constrained in its motion along and around the guide post 8by the limitations of the camming slot features 10 of the shaft, and therelated camming pegs 9, which are affixed to the guide post 8. As theshaft portion of receptacle interface plate 2 is made to travel intoreceptacle assembly, the effect of the camming pegs 8, which act withinthe camming slot features 10 of the shaft of the receptacle interfaceplate 2, is to cause the said receptacle interface plate to rotatethrough a predefined orientational angle. The configuration of thecamming slot feature 10, during this motion, serves both to limit thespecific length of travel of the two joined interface plates, and toeffect a controlled rotation of the two joined interface plates to anexact rotational excursion.

Since this initial motion of the plug interface plate 1 is locked andcoincident to the motion of the receptacle interface plate 2, thetraveling rotation of the shaft of the receptacle interface plate 2imposes a coincident traveling motion on the shaft of the plug interfaceplate 1. It will further be noted from the third illustration of FIG. 2b that the insert 22 within the plug assembly, as well as the array ofelectric plug assembly contacts 36 and the array of optical plugassembly contacts 38, are all mechanically secured to the plug shell 21,and that therefore the insert and Contact arrays must all movecoincidentally with the motion of the plug shell 21.

A comparison between the second and third illustrations shows that inthe second illustration, the forward ends of all of the plug assemblycontacts were confined within an array of push seals 14, which sealspopulate an internal web of the insert shell Cap 66. The initialfunction of these push seals 14 is to provide isolation between theforward and central fluid cavities of the plug assembly, so as to reduceor eliminate the migration of potentially contaminated fluids. Thisconstraint upon potential migration of such contaminants minimizespotential interfere with the proper function and performance of eitherthe electric plug assembly Contacts 36 and/or the optical plug assemblyContracts 38.

The third illustration of FIG. 2 b shows that the initial forward travelof the joined interface plates and related components, was alsocoincident with the forward motion of the complete array of the plugassembly Contracts. Moreover, since the insert shell 3 was constrainedfrom any further forward motion, the entire array of electric plugassembly Contacts 36 and optical plug assembly contacts 38 was made topierce through their related push seals 14. In one embodiment, theseseals are designed with elastomeric cores, and are segmented at theforward end, so that they remain closed and effectively fluid tight intheir normal state, but can readily be pierced by components which aresmall, circular and of smooth profile, which components can readily bemade to flare the forward segments, in the process of their penetration.

The initial travel of the joined interface plates and the array of plugassembly contacts are limited by the length of the camming slot features10 within the receptacle assembly. Moreover, through the geometry of theCamming slot features 10, this travel yields a controlled rotation ofthe joined interface plates, so that the crests of the scallopedperiphery of the interface plate profiles, no longer obstruct theforward motion of the any of the advancing plug assembly contacts.

Referring once more to a comparison between the second and thirdillustrations of FIG. 2 b, it will be seen that in the secondillustration, the “L”-slot pegs 27 are seated at the crest of the shortleg of the “L” slot features 28, which features are a part of the insertsleeve 25, which sleeve is fixedly attached to the bore of the insert22. As previously stated, the insert 22 is mechanically fixed to thebasic plug assembly structure, i.e. the plug shell 21. Thus, as depictedin the second illustration of FIG. 2 b, the axial motion of the joinedinterface plates, as well as their shafts and associated components, isrestricted to motion coincident with that of the plug shell 21.

It will further be noted in the third illustration of FIG. 2 b, thatwhen the initial axial travel of the joined interface plates, as well astheir shafts and associated components, has reached its limits, asdefined by the camming slot features 10 within the receptacle assembly,that action of the camming slot features 10 has also caused a consequentrotation of that entire chain of components, including the positioningof the “L” slot pegs 27, which pegs 27 as a result of rotation, are nowgiven access to the long, axial leg of the “L” slot features 28 withinthe insert sleeve 25. This re-alignment of the “L” slot pegs 27, inrelation to the associated “L” slot features 28 within the insert sleeve25 now yields a potential for further travel of the plug shell 21, andits related components, beyond the controlled and limited travel of thejoined interface plates and their associated components.

The final length of compression between the plug and receptacleassemblies causes engagement and automatic locking of the Coupling ringmechanism, as described earlier in this disclosure. A further effect ofthis final length of travel, is represented in the fourth (bottom)illustration of FIG. 2 b, in which is shown the total extent of travelof the complete plug assembly contact array, to the point where fullpenetration of the said plug assembly Contact array into the completearray of receptacle assembly contacts is achieved, within the body ofthe receptacle assembly. The fourth illustration of FIG. 2 b also showsthat during the excursion of the plug assembly contact array, each plugassembly contact is made to pierce a push seal element 58. Each of thesepush-seal elements 58, is designed to isolate the principle fluid-filledcavities of the receptacle assembly, from the individual fluid-filledcavities of each receptacle contact area. Moreover, a feature withineach contact isolation shroud 15 also serves to wipe and clean thepenetrating plug assembly contact of any potential contaminants, priorto the physical seating of the said contact. Each Contact isolationshroud 15 is provided with an elastic membrane which enables thedisplacement of fluid within the shroud 15 to be translated into adisplacement of the coincident volume directly to the volume of thesurrounding fluid within the principle cavities of the receptacleassembly.

Fluid Venting and Temperature/Pressure Compensation

As discussed above, in one embodiment, the cavities within the plug andreceptacle assemblies are filled with an appropriate fluid as aprinciple element for pressure compensation, i.e. as a medium that wouldmaintain an equilibrium of pressure within the connector set cavities tobe coincident with variations in the pressure of the surroundingenvironment. As an aid to this compensation means, elastic membranes,bellows and the like are also provided in the walls of the receptacleand plug outer structures, to act as resilient interface barriers. Ingeneral, this resilient interface barrier not only aids in accommodatingvariations in environmental pressure, but also relieves volumetricchanges within the connector set chambers, which may result from thermalexpansion or contraction of the pressure compensating fluid. In additionto accommodating volumetric changes due to variations in temperature andpressure, the resilient barriers provided in the structure of thisconnector set, have been made elastic enough to handle the much greatervolumetric changes which occur during the mating and dis-matingprocedures during which significant compression and expansion of theinternal cavities are made to happen.

Considerable circulation of the compensating fluid is made to occurthroughout the various cavities within the system. In addition, thiscirculation of fluids between cavities is rendered even more complex bythe fact that when the plug and receptacle assemblies become physicallyengaged, and the joined interface plates are made to displace into theforward cavity of the receptacle assembly, the forward cavities(mechanical interface cavities) of both the plug and receptacleassemblies effectively become a single cavity . . . with common fluidcontent.

Moreover, the physical action of joining the plug and receptacleinterfaces introduce trace amounts of environmental contamination intothe system fluids. furthermore, each subsequent action of mating anddis-mating must nominally add to this level of foreign contamination.Finally, mechanical wear and similar factors must also add trivialamounts of other kinds of contaminants to the total. This incrementalbuildup of fluid contamination need not necessarily degrade the overallperformance of this connector system, provided that the corrupted fluidsare not permitted to interfere with the performance and/or functionalityof either the electrical or optical contact junctions. For this reason,it is a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention tomaintain a high degree of isolation in regard to the fluid flow betweenvarious cavities within the system, and in particular, the junctions ofelectrical and optical interfaces, in the area of the receptacleassembly contacts within the receptacle assembly.

To satisfy these requirements, it will be noted (FIG. 2 b) that withinthe receptacle assembly, each receptacle contact is provided with anindependent elastic seal 15 which, in conjunction with its associatedpush seal 58 provides an isolated fluid environment, which is protectedfrom the effects of potentially contaminated fluids of the surroundingcavity. Then too, with reference to the plug assembly, it will be notedthat in the area of the plug assembly contact extensions (forward of theinsert 22), that no communication of fluid is permitted to othercavities of the connector system, and that an independent means ofvolumetric compensation is provided, at six places, in the walls of theinsert sleeve 3.

Again with reference to the plug assembly (FIG. 2 b), it will be notedthat in one embodiment of the plug assembly a channel of fluidcommunication is provided, through the shaft of the plug interface plate1 to the cavity surrounded by the environmental isolation Bellows 32.However, it should also be noted (FIG. 2 b), that at the end of theshaft of the plug interface plate 1 a valve mechanism has been added.This mechanism, consisting of the shaft end of the plug interface plate1, the valve body 23, which is press-fitted to the end of the shaft, andthe shaft spring cap 24 is positioned to regulate access between theforward-most and rear-most cavities of the plug assembly. The shaftspring Cap 24 is so configured that its motion within the insert sleeve25 is limited to axial motion only. This limitation is achieved byhaving provided a guide block 63, which is fixedly attached to the shaftspring Cap 24, and is made to fit into the longitudinal leg of an “L”slot feature 28 of the insert sleeve 25.

By means of the guide Block 63, which is made to ride within thelongitudinal leg of an “L” slot feature 28, the motion of the shaftspring Cap 24, during the mating and dis-mating procedures, is limitedto axial travel only. as can be seen in FIG. 2 h, that since the shaftspring Cap 24 is constrained from rotation, the rotation of the valvebody 23, automatically seals or unseals access of fluids from the radialchannels within the Cap. By this means exchange of fluid is possiblebetween the forward-most and rear-most cavities of the plug assembly,but only during a portion of the initial travel of the joined interfaceplates. as the cammed rotation of the interface plates is made to occur,as previously described, the shaft of the plug interface plate 1 is alsomade to rotate, carrying with it the press-fitted valve body 23, so thatupon complete mating of the connector set, the valve is made toconstrain fluid venting between the forward and aft cavities of the plugassembly.

While various embodiments have been described for purposes of thisdisclosure, such embodiments should not be deemed to limit the teachingof this disclosure to those embodiments. Various changes andmodifications may be made to the elements and described above to obtaina result that remains within the scope of the systems and methodsdescribed in this disclosure.

1. A connector set comprising: a plug having a front oil chamber and asecondary oil chamber having electrical or optical contacts; areceptacle having a front oil chamber and a secondary oil chamber havingelectrical or optical contacts, the receptacle being adapted to receivethe plug, wherein the front oil chamber in the plug and the front oilchamber of the receptacle are used for mechanically engaging the plugand the receptacle, and the secondary oil chamber in the plug and thesecondary oil chamber in the receptacle are used for isolation andcontact engagement of the electrical or optical contacts of the plugwith the electrical or optical contacts of the receptacle, wherein thefront oil chamber of the plug is isolated from the secondary oil chamberof the plug and the front oil chamber of the receptacle is isolated fromthe secondary oil chamber of the receptacle, and wherein the front oilchamber of the plug and of the receptacle are each separatedrespectively from the secondary oil chamber of the plug and receptacleby an interface valve, providing sealed isolated mechanical engagementchambers in the plug and the receptacle prior to engagement of the plugand the receptacle.
 2. The connector set of claim 1 wherein the frontoil chamber of the plug is environmentally isolated from the secondaryoil chamber of the plug whereby ingress of contamination into thesecondary oil chamber of the plug is prevented, and wherein the frontoil chamber of the receptacle is environmentally isolated from thesecondary oil chamber of the receptacle whereby ingress of contaminationinto the secondary oil chamber of the plug is prevented.
 3. Theconnector set of claim 1 wherein the front oil chamber of the plug andof the receptacle are each separated respectively from the secondary oilchamber of the plug and receptacle by an interface valve, providing asingle contiguous isolated mechanical engagement chamber followingengagement of the individual connector halves.
 4. The connector set ofclaim 1 wherein each interface valves provides a sealing interfacebetween a surface of the respective interface valves.
 5. The connectorset of claim 1 wherein each interface valve is installed in a carriershell, providing a sealing interface between an end of each valvecarrier shell and about a perimeter of the respective interface valveduring engagement of the plug and receptacle.
 6. The connector set ofclaim 1 whereby the interface valves provides environmental isolation ofthe secondary contact oil chamber entry seals.
 7. The connector set ofclaim 1 whereby the interface valves rotate upon connector engagement.8. The connector set of claim 7 wherein interface valves, when rotated,each provide linear passages to a secondary seal entries.
 9. Theconnector set of claim 7 wherein interface valves, when rotated, eachprovide passage for at least one electrical contact.
 10. The connectorset of claim 7 wherein each interface valve, when rotated, providespassage for at least one optical contact.
 11. The connector set of claim7 wherein each interface valve, when rotated, provides passage for atleast one hybrid optical-electrical contacts.
 12. The connector set ofclaim 7 wherein each interface valves is configured such that the valveis capable of being scaled in size to accommodate a range of contactdiameters.
 13. The connector set of claim 7 wherein each interfacevalves has at least one interface scallop to accommodate at least onecontact passage.
 14. The connector set of claim 13 wherein the geometryof the at least one interface scallop is defined as a shape that whenrotated accommodates at least one contact passage.
 15. The connector setof claim 5 wherein each interface valves forms a seal with thecorresponding interface valve carrier shell.
 16. The connector set ofclaim 1 wherein the interface valves that form a primary mechanicalengagement chamber within the plug and the receptacle and form anisolated secondary contact chamber within the plug and the receptacle.17. The connector set of claim 7 wherein the interface valves that arerotated by radial camming during engagement of the plug and thereceptacle.
 18. The connector set of claim 2 where the plug and thereceptacle each have a secondary seal that provide environmentalisolation of the front oil chamber from the secondary oil chambers ofthe plug and receptacle respectively.
 19. The connector set of claim 18wherein the secondary seals are actuated through contact with acorresponding contact.
 20. The connector set of claim 18 wherein thesecondary seals each comprise a plurality of multiple pie-shaped sealsections.
 21. The connector set of claim 18 wherein the secondary sealsare each actuated by mechanical methods.
 22. The connector set of claim18 wherein the secondary seals each provide isolated front oil chambersthat are separate from the secondary oil chambers within the plug andthe receptacle, respectively.
 23. The connector set of claim 18 whereinthe secondary seals each provide isolation between a plurality ofcontact pins.
 24. The connector set of claim 1 wherein the front oilchamber and the secondary oil chamber of the plug and the front oilchamber and the secondary oil chamber of the receptacle each encloseseparate and isolated oil volumes.
 25. The connector set of claim 24wherein the isolated connector oil volumes in the plug and thereceptacle, respectively, are contiguous following engagement of theplug and receptacle, whereby connector oil volumes are balanced.
 26. Theconnector set of claim 24 wherein connector oil volumes in the plug andthe receptacle, respectively, are isolated during engagement of the plugand the receptacle.
 27. The connector set of claim 24 wherein the frontconnector oil volumes are not contiguous with the isolated secondarycontact chamber oil volumes.
 28. The connector set of claim 5 whereineach carrier shell has a multi-sided geometry, whereby the carrier shellcan translate within an outer plug shell without influence from externalfowling.
 29. The connector set of claim 24 wherein the plug andreceptacle each have a multisided receptacle shell that engages an outerplug shell without influence from external fowling.
 30. The connectorset of claim 1 wherein when the plug and the receptacle are engaged,they are latched together by a castellated ring latching mechanism. 31.The connector set of claim 30 wherein the castellated ring mechanism isan environmentally isolated latching mechanisms.
 32. The connector setof claim 30 wherein the castellated ring mechanism is further configuredto provide take-up capability for carrier shell tolerances.
 33. Theconnector set of claim 30 wherein the castellated ring mechanism isrotationally actuated by axial motion.
 34. The connector set of claim 30wherein the castellated ring mechanism is rotationally reset by aninverse associated axial motion.